Vault dwellers are the inhabitants/test subjects of Vault-Tec Corporation's many state of art, self-sufficient underground fallout shelters known as "vaults" that are scattered across the former United States in the Fallout video game series. They live their entire lives inside these underground vaults for generations, waiting out the nuclear apocalypse above until the surface is safe enough to repopulate and rebuild civilization. In truth these people are mere test subjects for Vault-Tec and most were never intended to escape let alone survive.

All vault dwellers wear a blue, yellow-trimmed skinsuit known as a vault suit and a wrist computer known as a Pip-Boy. Almost all of the player characters in the series have been vault dwellers.